Fasahar Sarrafawa

Menene Rage Gajere?

Da farko, ma'anar da aka bayar cikin sauri: Rage kitse shine kitse mai tauri da aka yi daga man kayan lambu, kitsen dabbobi, ko haɗuwa. Babban aikinsa shine "rage" ko wargaza zaren gluten a cikin kayan gasa, yana samar da laushi mai laushi (misali, a cikin ɓawon burodi, biskit, da kukis).

Babban ƙalubalen fasaha shine mayar da man ruwa zuwa kitse mai ƙarfi, mai ɗan ƙarfi, mai filastik. Ana cimma wannan ta hanyar manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:Haɓaka HydrogenationkumaSha'awar sha'awa, sai kumaMai jurewa.

Matakan Tsarin Aiki na Core

Tafiyar daga ɗanyen mai zuwa ga ragewa ta ƙarshe ta ƙunshi matakai da dama masu mahimmanci:

1. Zaɓin Mai da Haɗawa

• Manufa:Don ƙirƙirar cakuda mai tushe tare da bayanin fatty acid da ake so don aikin samfurin ƙarshe (wurin narkewa, yawan kitse mai tauri, da sauransu).
• Tsarin aiki:Ana aunawa da kuma haɗa nau'ikan man shafawa masu laushi, masu bleach, da kuma waɗanda suka bushe ƙamshi (RBD). Man da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da waken soya, man dabino, man auduga, man canola, da man dabino.

2. Haɗakar da Hydrogen (Hanyar Gargajiya)

• Manufa:Don ƙara yawan narkewar mai da kuma kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar ƙara masa cikakken ruwa.
• Tsarin aiki:Ana dumama man da aka haɗa a cikin wani reactor mai matsin lamba a gaban mai kunna nickel da iskar hydrogen.Lura:Wannan tsari yana haifar daTrans fats, waɗanda yanzu haka ake ƙa'ida sosai kuma ba a so su saboda damuwar lafiya. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar wasu fasahohin zamani.
  • Ana ƙara ƙwayoyin hydrogen a cikin haɗin gwiwa biyu marasa cikawa a cikin sarƙoƙin fatty acid.
  • Wannan yana canza mai mai ruwa (wanda ba a cika ba) zuwa mai mai-mai-ƙarfi ko mai tauri (mai cike da kitse da mai trans).

3. Sha'awa (Hanyar Zamani)

• Manufa:Don sake tsara fatty acids a kan tushen glycerol na ƙwayoyin triglyceride ba tare da ƙirƙirar trans fats ba. Wannan yana bawa masana'antun damar ƙirƙirar kitse mai kyau tare da halayen narkewa da lu'ulu'u masu kyau daga cakuda mai.
• Tsarin aiki:Sakamako:Tushen rage kitse mara trans-kitse tare da kyawawan halaye na aiki.
  • Sinadaran IE:Yana amfani da sinadarin sodium methoxide don karyawa da sake haɗa kitsen da ba a zata ba.
  • IE mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta:Yana amfani da takamaiman enzymes (misali, lipases) a matsayin mai kara kuzari. Wannan ya fi daidaito kuma yana ba da damar sake fasalin da aka yi niyya amma ya fi tsada.

4. Haɗawa da Emulsification

• Ana haɗa kitsen tushe mai tauri da man ruwa don cimma ainihin ma'aunin kitse mai ƙarfi (SFI) da ake buƙata - ma'aunin tauri a yanayin zafi daban-daban.
• Ana ƙara Emulsifiers (misali, monoglycerides, lecithin) don inganta laushi, girma, da tsawon lokacin da za a ajiye a cikin samfurin da aka gasa na ƙarshe.

5. Sanyaya da Ƙarfafawa (Sanyaya da Ƙirgawa)

Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin mataki don ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙarshe da "roba" (faɗaɗawa) na ragewa.

• Tsarin aiki:Ana fitar da cakuda mai da aka narke ta hanyarMai zaɓeko kuma na'urar musayar zafi mai ƙarfi (SSHE).
  • Naúrar (Chiller):Kitsen yana sanyaya da sauri a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa da tashin hankali. Wannan yana haɓaka samuwar ƙananan lu'ulu'u na beta-prime (β'), waɗanda suka dace da santsi, laushi mai kyau, da kuma rage girman filastik.
  • Nau'in B (Mai Zafi):Sai a yi amfani da kitsen mai sanyi a cikin bututun da ke aiki da pin-worker ko kuma mai sanyi. Wannan yana murƙushe kitsen mai don tabbatar da samuwar lu'ulu'u yadda ya kamata da kuma hana manyan lu'ulu'u masu kama da beta (β).

6. Tsaftacewa da Marufi

• Ana naɗe gajeriyar crystallization ɗin da ke da ɗumi (a cikin baho, cubes, ko manyan kwantena).
• Ana sanya gajeriyar na'urar a cikin rumbunan ajiya masu sarrafa zafin jiki (ɗakunan gyaran fuska(na tsawon awanni 24-72).
• Manufar Tsaftacewa:Wannan yana ba da damar tsarin lu'ulu'u ya daidaita gaba ɗaya zuwa siffar β da ake so, yana tabbatar da daidaito, santsi da kwanciyar hankali na shiryayye.

7. Ajiya da jigilar kaya

• Ana adana gajeriyar na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai kyau don kiyaye ingancinta da kuma ƙarfinta.

Mahimman Ka'idojin Fasaha

• Roba:Abinda ke ba da damar ragewa yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi. Ya dogara ne akan samun cakuda lu'ulu'u masu ƙarfi da mai a cikin takamaiman kewayon zafin jiki ("jerin filastik").
• Tsarin Crystal:Nau'in kitsen yana da mahimmanci.Ma'aunin Kitse Mai Ƙarfi (SFI):Lanƙwasa ce da ke auna kashi na kitse mai tauri a cikin raguwar kitse a cikin yanayin zafi daban-daban. Ita ce babbar kayan aiki don annabta aikin rage kitse a cikin takamaiman aikace-aikacen (misali, rage ɓawon burodi da rage icing suna da lanƙwasa SFI daban-daban).
  • Lu'ulu'u na Beta-Prime (β'):Ƙananan lu'ulu'u masu kama da allura waɗanda ke samar da kyakkyawan tsari wanda zai iya ɗaukar mai mai yawa. Wannan yana haifar da santsi, mai kauri, kuma mai ƙarfi na filastik.Wannan shine siffar da ake so.
  • Lu'ulu'u na Beta (β):Manyan lu'ulu'u masu kauri, masu kama da hatsi waɗanda ke haifar da kitse mai kauri, mai karyewa, kuma mara filastik (misali, yawan kitse a cikin tsohon man shanu).

Takaitaccen Bayani game da Tsarin Gajerun Samarwa na Zamani

Juyin Halittar Fasaha

Yanayin yana tafiya sosai dagahydrogenation(saboda hana trans kitse) da kuma zuwa ga:

1. Sha'awar sha'awa(sunadarai da enzymes).
2. Amfani da man fetur mai ƙarfi kamar na halittaMan Jatan Lambada kuma sassansa (misali, man olein, man stearin na dabino), galibi ana haɗa su da sauran man ruwa masu ƙarfi kamar man sunflower mai yawan oleic ko man canola.
3. Cikakken Hydrogenation:Ana shafa man fetur gaba ɗaya (wanda ke samar da stearine mai cikakken kitse, wanda ba shi da kitse) sannan a haɗa shi da man ruwa. Wannan ya bambanta da hydrogenation na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya samar da trans fats.

Manufar fasahar gajeriyar hanya ta zamani ita ce cimma cikakkiyar sifofin aiki don yin burodi da soya abinciba tare daamfani da kitsen trans na wucin gadi.