TAƘAITACCEN BAYANI
Kamfanonin abinci a yau kamar sauran kamfanonin masana'antu ne ba wai kawai suna mai da hankali kan inganci da amincin kayan aikin sarrafa abinci ba, har ma da ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda mai samar da kayan aikin sarrafa zai iya bayarwa. Baya ga ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa kayan aikin da muke bayarwa, za mu iya zama abokin tarayya tun daga farko ko matakin aiki zuwa matakin ƙarshe na aikin, ba tare da manta da muhimmin sabis na bayan kasuwa ba.
Shiputec tana da fiye da shekaru 20 na gwaninta a masana'antar sarrafa abinci da marufi.
GABATARWA GA FASAHA
HANKALI DA JAGORA
Sashen Shiputec yana tsara, ƙera da kuma tallata hanyoyin sarrafa injiniya da sarrafa kansa ga masana'antun kiwo, abinci, abin sha, ruwa, magunguna da kula da kai ta hanyar ayyukansa na duniya.
Mun kuduri aniyar taimaka wa abokan cinikinmu a duk faɗin duniya don inganta aiki da ribar masana'antar su da hanyoyin aiki. Muna cimma wannan ta hanyar samar da kayayyaki da mafita iri-iri, tun daga kayan aikin da aka ƙera har zuwa ƙirar cikakkun masana'antun sarrafawa waɗanda ke samun tallafi daga manyan aikace-aikace da ƙwarewar ci gaba a duniya.
Muna ci gaba da taimaka wa abokan cinikinmu wajen inganta aiki da ribar kamfaninsu a duk tsawon rayuwarsa ta hidima tare da ayyukan tallafi da aka tsara don biyan buƙatunsu ta hanyar tsarin sabis na abokin ciniki da hanyoyin samar da kayayyakin gyara.
MAYAR DA HANKALI GA KWASTOMA
Shiputec tana haɓaka, ƙera da kuma shigar da layukan sarrafawa na zamani, masu inganci da inganci ga masana'antar abinci. Don samar da samfuran kitse masu lu'ulu'u kamar margarine, man shanu, kayan shafawa da rage kitse, Shiputec yana ba da mafita waɗanda suka haɗa da layukan sarrafawa don samfuran abinci masu emuls kamar mayonnaise, miya da miya.
HARKAR MARGARINE
Margarine da kayayyakin da suka shafi hakan suna ɗauke da matakin ruwa da kuma matakin mai, don haka ana iya siffanta su da emulsions na ruwa-cikin-mai (W/O) inda matakin ruwa ya warwatse a matsayin ɗigon ruwa a cikin matakin mai mai ci gaba. Dangane da aikace-aikacen samfurin, ana zaɓar tsarin matakin mai da tsarin ƙera shi daidai.
Baya ga kayan aikin lu'ulu'u, cibiyar kera margarine da kayayyakin da suka shafi zamani za ta ƙunshi tankuna daban-daban don adana mai da kuma don emulsifier, lokacin ruwa da shirye-shiryen emulsion; girman da adadin tankunan an ƙididdige su ne bisa ga ƙarfin shuka da fayil ɗin samfur. Cibiyar kuma ta haɗa da na'urar pasteurization da wurin sake narkewa. Don haka, gabaɗaya za a iya raba tsarin kera zuwa ƙananan matakai masu zuwa (duba zane na 1):
SHIRYA MATSAYIN RUWA DA MATSAYIN KITSUWA (YANKI NA 1)
Sau da yawa ana shirya matakin ruwa a cikin tankin ruwa. Ya kamata ruwan ya kasance mai kyau da inganci. Idan ba za a iya tabbatar da ingancin ruwa ba, ana iya yin maganin ruwa kafin a fara amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da tsarin UV ko matattarar ruwa.
Baya ga ruwa, matakin ruwa zai iya ƙunsar gishiri ko ruwan gishiri, sunadaran madara (margarine na tebur da ƙananan kitsen), sukari (abincin puff), masu daidaita (abincin da aka rage da ƙarancin kitsen), abubuwan kiyayewa da dandanon da ke narkewa cikin ruwa.
Babban sinadaran da ke cikin matakin kitse, wato hadin kitse, yawanci yana kunshe da cakuda kitse da mai daban-daban. Domin cimma margarine mai halaye da ayyukan da ake so, rabon kitse da mai a cikin hadin kitse yana da muhimmanci ga aikin samfurin karshe.
Ana adana kitse da mai iri-iri, ko dai a matsayin cakuda mai ko mai guda ɗaya, a cikin tankunan ajiyar mai waɗanda galibi ake sanyawa a wajen wurin samarwa. Ana ajiye su a yanayin zafi mai kyau sama da wurin narkewar kitsen kuma a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali don guje wa rarrabuwar kitsen da kuma ba da damar sauƙin sarrafawa.
Baya ga gaurayen kitse, matakin kitse yawanci ya ƙunshi ƙananan sinadarai masu narkewar kitse kamar emulsifier, lecithin, dandano, launi da antioxidants. Waɗannan ƙananan sinadaran suna narkewa a cikin gaurayen kitse kafin a ƙara matakin ruwa, don haka kafin tsarin emulsification.
SHIRYAWAR EMULSION (YANKI NA 2)
Zane na 1:
1. Shiri na matakin ruwa da kuma matakin mai (yanki na 1),
2. Shirye-shiryen emulsion (yanki na 2),
3. Fasawa (yanki na 3),
4. Yankin sanyaya, lu'ulu'u da kuma durƙusawa (yanki na 4),
5. Shiryawa da sake narkewa (yanki na 5)
Ana shirya sinadarin ta hanyar canja wurin mai da gaurayen mai ko mai daban-daban zuwa tankin emulsion. Yawanci, ana ƙara mai mai narkewa mai yawa ko gaurayen mai da farko sannan sai a ƙara ƙananan kitsen narkewa da man ruwa. Don kammala shirye-shiryen matakin kitse, ana ƙara emulsifier da sauran ƙananan sinadarai masu narkewa mai a cikin gaurayen mai. Lokacin da aka haɗa dukkan sinadaran matakin kitse yadda ya kamata, ana ƙara matakin ruwa kuma ana ƙirƙirar emulsion a ƙarƙashin gaurayawa mai ƙarfi amma mai sarrafawa.
Ana iya amfani da tsarin daban-daban don auna sinadaran daban-daban don emulsion, biyu daga cikinsu suna aiki a cikin tsari:
- Tsarin mitar kwarara
- Tsarin tanki mai auna nauyi
Tsarin emulsification mai ci gaba a cikin layi mafita ce da ba a fi so ba amma ana amfani da ita a misali layukan ƙarfin aiki masu yawa inda akwai ƙarancin sarari don tankunan emulsion. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da famfunan allurai da mitar kwararar taro don sarrafa rabon matakan da aka ƙara a cikin ƙaramin tankin emulsion.
Duk tsarin da aka ambata a sama za a iya sarrafa shi ta atomatik. Duk da haka, wasu tsofaffin shuke-shuke har yanzu suna da tsarin shirya emulsion da hannu amma waɗannan suna buƙatar aiki kuma ba a ba da shawarar a saka su a yau ba saboda ƙa'idodin bin diddigin su.
Tsarin mitar kwarara ya dogara ne akan shirye-shiryen emulsion ta hanyar rukuni-rukuni inda ake auna matakai da sinadaran daban-daban ta hanyar mitar kwararar taro lokacin da aka canja wurin su daga tankunan shirye-shiryen matakai daban-daban zuwa tankin emulsion. Daidaiton wannan tsarin shine +/-0.3%. Wannan tsarin yana da alaƙa da rashin jin tasirin waje kamar girgiza da datti.
Tsarin tankin aunawa yana kama da tsarin mitar kwarara bisa ga shirye-shiryen emulsion na rukuni-rukuni. A nan ana ƙara adadin sinadaran da matakai kai tsaye zuwa tankin emulsion wanda aka ɗora akan ƙwayoyin kaya waɗanda ke sarrafa adadin da aka ƙara a cikin tankin.
Yawanci, ana amfani da tsarin tanki biyu don shirya emulsion don ya sami damar gudanar da layin crystallization akai-akai. Kowane tanki yana aiki azaman shiri da tanki mai buffer (tankin emulsion), don haka za a ciyar da layin crystallization daga tanki ɗaya yayin da za a shirya sabon tsari a ɗayan kuma akasin haka. Wannan ana kiransa tsarin flip-flop.
Maganin da ake shirya emulsion a cikin tanki ɗaya kuma idan ya shirya ana canja shi zuwa tankin buffer daga inda ake ciyar da layin crystallization shi ma zaɓi ne. Wannan tsarin ana kiransa tsarin premix/buffer.
MAN SHAFAWA (YANKI NA 3)
Daga cikin tankin buffer, yawanci ana tura emulsion ta hanyar ko dai mai musayar zafi na farantin (PHE) ko mai musayar zafi mai ƙarancin matsin lamba (SSHE), ko kuma babban matsin lamba na SSHE don pasteurization kafin shiga layin lu'ulu'u.
Ga samfuran kitse mai cikakken kitse, yawanci ana amfani da PHE. Ga samfuran kitse masu ƙarancin kitse inda ake tsammanin emulsion ɗin zai nuna ɗanko mai yawa da kuma emulsions masu sauƙin zafi (misali emulsions masu yawan furotin), ana ba da shawarar tsarin SPX a matsayin maganin ƙarancin matsi ko kuma SPX-PLUS a matsayin maganin matsin lamba mai yawa.
Tsarin pasteurization yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Yana tabbatar da hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka wasu ƙananan halittu, don haka yana inganta daidaiton ƙwayoyin cuta na emulsion. Pasteurization na matakin ruwa kawai yana yiwuwa, amma pasteurization na cikakken emulsion ya fi kyau tunda tsarin pasteurization na emulsion zai rage lokacin zama daga samfurin pasteurized zuwa cikawa ko marufi na samfurin ƙarshe. Hakanan, ana kula da samfurin ta hanyar tsari a layi daga pasteurization zuwa cikawa ko marufi na samfurin ƙarshe kuma ana tabbatar da pasteurization na kowane kayan sake aiki lokacin da aka pasteurized cikakken emulsion.
Bugu da ƙari, pasteurization na cikakken emulsion yana tabbatar da cewa an ciyar da emulsion zuwa layin crystallization a yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa wanda ke cimma daidaitattun sigogin sarrafawa, yanayin zafin samfurin da yanayin samfurin. Bugu da ƙari, ana hana faruwar emulsion da aka riga aka yi amfani da shi don amfani da kayan aikin crystallization lokacin da aka yi amfani da emulsion ɗin yadda ya kamata kuma aka ciyar da shi zuwa famfon matsin lamba mai yawa a zafin jiki na 5-10°C sama da wurin narkewa na matakin kitse.
Tsarin pasteurization na yau da kullun bayan shirya emulsion a 45-55°C zai haɗa da dumama da riƙe jerin emulsion a 75-85°C na tsawon daƙiƙa 16. sannan kuma a sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki na 45-55°C. Zafin ƙarshe ya dogara da wurin narkewa na matakin kitse: mafi girman wurin narkewa, mafi girman zafin.
SANYI, CIKAKKEN KWALLIYA DA GUNDUMAWA (YANKI NA 4)
Ana tura sinadarin zuwa layin lu'ulu'u ta hanyar amfani da famfon piston mai matsin lamba (HPP). Layin lu'ulu'u don samar da margarine da samfuran da suka shafi galibi ya ƙunshi SSHE mai matsin lamba mai yawa wanda ammonia ko Freon ke sanyaya shi. Injin(s) na rotor da/ko masu lu'ulu'u na tsakiya galibi ana haɗa su a cikin layin don ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin lu'ulu'u da lokaci don samar da samfuran filastik. Bututun hutawa shine matakin ƙarshe na layin lu'ulu'u kuma ana haɗa shi ne kawai idan an lulluɓe samfurin.
Zuciyar layin lu'ulu'u shine babban matsin lamba na SSHE, wanda lu'ulu'u mai dumi ke sanyaya shi sosai kuma yana da lu'ulu'u a saman bututun mai sanyi. Masu jujjuyawa suna goge lu'ulu'u yadda ya kamata, don haka lu'ulu'u yana sanyaya shi kuma yana murƙushewa a lokaci guda. Lokacin da kitsen da ke cikin lu'ulu'u ya yi lu'ulu'u, lu'ulu'u masu kitse suna samar da hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku da ke ɗaure digogin ruwa da man ruwa, wanda ke haifar da samfuran da ke da halaye na yanayin filastik mai-ƙarfi.
Dangane da nau'in samfurin da za a ƙera da kuma nau'in kitsen da ake amfani da shi don takamaiman samfurin, ana iya daidaita tsarin layin lu'ulu'u (watau tsarin bututun sanyi da injunan rotor na fil) don samar da mafi kyawun tsari ga takamaiman samfurin.
Tunda layin crystallization yawanci yana ƙera fiye da takamaiman samfurin kitse ɗaya, SSHE sau da yawa ya ƙunshi sassan sanyaya biyu ko fiye ko bututun sanyi don biyan buƙatun layin crystallization mai sassauƙa. Lokacin samar da samfuran kitse daban-daban na gaurayen kitse daban-daban, ana buƙatar sassauci tunda halayen crystallization na gaurayen na iya bambanta daga gauraye ɗaya zuwa wani.
Tsarin lu'ulu'u, yanayin sarrafawa da sigogin sarrafawa suna da babban tasiri ga halayen samfuran margarine da na bazawa na ƙarshe. Lokacin tsara layin lu'ulu'u, yana da mahimmanci a gano halayen samfuran da aka tsara don ƙera a kan layin. Don tabbatar da jarin don nan gaba, sassaucin layin da kuma sigogin sarrafawa da za a iya sarrafawa daban-daban suna da mahimmanci, tunda kewayon samfuran da ake sha'awa na iya canzawa tare da lokaci da kuma kayan aiki.
Ana ƙayyade ƙarfin layin ta hanyar saman sanyaya da ke akwai na SHE. Ana samun injuna masu girma dabam-dabam daga ƙananan layuka zuwa manyan layuka. Haka kuma ana samun matakai daban-daban na sassauci daga kayan aiki na bututu ɗaya zuwa layukan bututu da yawa, don haka layukan sarrafawa masu sassauƙa sosai.
Bayan an sanyaya samfurin a cikin SHHE, zai shiga injin rotor na fil da/ko masu haɗa kristal na tsakiya inda aka murƙushe shi na wani lokaci kuma da wani ƙarfi don taimakawa wajen haɓaka hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku, wanda a matakin macroscopic shine tsarin filastik. Idan an yi nufin a rarraba samfurin a matsayin samfurin da aka naɗe, zai sake shiga SHSHE kafin ya zauna a cikin bututun hutawa kafin a naɗe. Idan an cika samfurin da kofuna, babu bututun hutawa da aka haɗa a cikin layin lu'ulu'u.
RUFEWA, CIKO DA JUYEWA (YANKI NA 5)
Akwai nau'ikan na'urorin tattarawa da cikawa iri-iri a kasuwa kuma ba za a bayyana su a cikin wannan labarin ba. Duk da haka, daidaiton samfurin ya bambanta sosai idan an samar da shi don a cika shi ko a naɗe shi. A bayyane yake cewa samfurin da aka naɗe dole ne ya nuna laushi mai ƙarfi fiye da samfurin da aka cika kuma idan wannan yanayin bai dace ba, za a karkatar da samfurin zuwa tsarin narkewa, a narke shi a ƙara shi a cikin tankin ajiya don sake sarrafawa. Akwai tsarin narkewa daban-daban amma tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi shine PHE ko SSHE mai ƙarancin matsin lamba.
AUTA AIKI
Margarine, kamar sauran kayayyakin abinci, yana cikin masana'antu da yawa a yau waɗanda ake samarwa ƙarƙashin tsauraran hanyoyin gano abubuwa. Waɗannan hanyoyin galibi suna rufe sinadaran, samarwa da kuma samfurin ƙarshe ba wai kawai suna haifar da ingantaccen aminci ga abinci ba, har ma da ingancin abinci akai-akai. Ana iya aiwatar da buƙatun gano abubuwa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa na masana'antar kuma an tsara tsarin kula da Shiputec don sarrafawa, yin rikodi da kuma rubuta muhimman yanayi da sigogi game da cikakken tsarin masana'antu.
Tsarin sarrafawa yana da kariyar kalmar sirri kuma yana da tarihin adana bayanai na duk sigogin da ke cikin layin sarrafa margarine daga bayanan girke-girke zuwa kimantawar samfurin ƙarshe. Rajistar bayanai ya haɗa da ƙarfin da fitarwa na famfon mai matsin lamba (l/awa da matsin baya), zafin samfurin (gami da tsarin pasteurization) yayin lu'ulu'u, yanayin sanyaya (ko matsin lamba na kafofin watsa labarai) na SSHE, saurin injunan SSHE da na'urorin rotor na fil da kuma nauyin injunan da ke gudanar da famfon mai matsin lamba, injunan SSHE da na'urorin rotor na fil.
Tsarin sarrafawa
A lokacin sarrafawa, za a aika ƙararrawa ga mai aiki idan sigogin sarrafawa na takamaiman samfurin sun wuce iyaka; waɗannan an saita su a cikin editan girke-girke kafin samarwa. Dole ne a gane waɗannan ƙararrawa da hannu kuma a ɗauki matakai bisa ga hanyoyin. Ana adana duk ƙararrawa a cikin tsarin ƙararrawa na tarihi don kallo daga baya. Lokacin da samfurin ya bar layin samarwa a cikin tsari mai cike da tsari ko cikewa, ya bambanta da sunan samfurin wanda aka saba yiwa alama da kwanan wata, lokaci da lambar tantance rukuni don bin diddigin daga baya. Don haka cikakken tarihin duk matakan samarwa da ke cikin tsarin samarwa an shigar da su don tsaron mai samarwa da mai amfani na ƙarshe, mabukaci.
CIP
Masana'antun tsaftace CIP (CIP = tsaftacewa a wurin) suma wani ɓangare ne na masana'antar margarine ta zamani domin ya kamata a riƙa tsaftace masana'antun samar da margarine akai-akai. Ga kayayyakin margarine na gargajiya sau ɗaya a mako lokaci ne na tsaftacewa na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, ga samfuran da ke da laushi kamar ƙarancin kitse (yawan ruwa) da/ko samfuran da ke ɗauke da furotin mai yawa, ana ba da shawarar yin ɗan gajeren tazara tsakanin CIP.
A ka'ida, ana amfani da tsarin CIP guda biyu: masana'antun CIP waɗanda ke amfani da kayan tsaftacewa sau ɗaya kawai ko kuma masana'antun CIP da aka ba da shawarar waɗanda ke aiki ta hanyar maganin tsaftacewa inda ake mayar da kayan tsaftacewa kamar su lye, acid da/ko magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa tankunan ajiya na CIP daban-daban bayan amfani. Tsarin na ƙarshe ya fi kyau tunda yana wakiltar mafita mai kyau ga muhalli kuma mafita ce mai araha dangane da amfani da kayan tsaftacewa kuma a nan ne farashin waɗannan.
Idan aka sanya layukan samarwa da dama a masana'anta ɗaya, yana yiwuwa a saita layukan tsaftacewa a layi ɗaya ko tsarin tauraron dan adam na CIP. Wannan yana haifar da raguwa sosai a lokacin tsaftacewa da amfani da makamashi. Ana sarrafa sigogin tsarin CIP ta atomatik kuma ana yin rajista don bin diddigin daga baya a cikin tsarin sarrafawa.
BAYANIN ƘARSHE
Lokacin samar da margarine da sauran kayayyakin da suka shafi hakan, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa ba wai kawai sinadaran kamar mai da kitse da aka yi amfani da su ko girke-girken samfurin ne ke tantance ingancin samfurin ƙarshe ba, har ma da tsarin shuka, sigogin sarrafawa da yanayin shukar. Idan ba a kula da layin ko kayan aikin da kyau ba, akwai haɗarin cewa layin ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, don samar da kayayyaki masu inganci, shuka mai aiki da kyau dole ne, amma zaɓin haɗa kitse tare da halaye waɗanda suka dace da amfani na ƙarshe na samfurin shima yana da mahimmanci da kuma daidaitaccen tsari da zaɓin sigogin sarrafawa na shukar. A ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, dole ne a yi wa samfurin ƙarshe magani da zafin jiki bisa ga amfani na ƙarshe.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-21-2026