Gabatarwa ga Tsarin Samar da Man Shanu

Gabatarwa ga Tsarin Samar da Man Shanu

Layin samar da man shanu tsari ne mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya haɗa fasahar injiniya, sinadarai, da kimiyyar abinci, da nufin canza madarar da ba a sarrafa ba (yawanci kirim) zuwa man shanu na kasuwanci cikin inganci da tsafta.

Za mu gabatar da cikakken bayani daga fannoni biyu: kwararar tsarin samarwa da kayan aikin asali.

I. Gudun Tsarin Samar da Man Shanu

Man shanu a zahiri kitsen madara ne. Babban aikin samarwa shine a wargaza kitsen a cikin kirim, wanda ke ba da damar kitsen ya haɗu ya rabu da ruwa (milk na buttermilk). Samar da kayayyaki na zamani a masana'antu galibi yana amfani da hanyar rikidewa akai-akai, kuma tsarin shine kamar haka:

1. Tsarin kayan da aka yi kafin a fara magani da kuma man shafawa

• Karɓar madarar da ba a so da kuma duba ta: Da farko madarar da aka saya za a duba ta da inganci sosai, ciki har da kitse, sinadarin furotin, sinadarin acid, ragowar maganin rigakafi, da sauransu.

• Tsaftacewa da raba madara: Madarar tana ratsa ta cikin na'urar tsarkake madara ta centrifugal don cire datti, sannan ta shiga na'urar raba madara. Na'urar raba madara tana juyawa da sauri, ta amfani da ƙarfin centrifugal don raba madarar mai cike da kitse zuwa madarar da aka skimmed da kirim mai sauƙi. Yawan kitsen da ke cikin kirim mai sauƙi yawanci shine kashi 35-40%.

• Man shafawa mai laushi: Ana zuba man shafawa mai haske da aka raba a cikin na'urar musayar zafi ta faranti don yin pasteurization (yawanci a zafin 85-95°C na daƙiƙa da yawa). Wannan matakin yana da nufin kawar da dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu lalacewa, tabbatar da amincin samfurin da kuma tsawaita lokacin da zai ɗauka.

• Gyaran ƙamshi mai ƙamshi (zaɓi ne): Domin samar da man shanu mai ɗanɗano mai kyau, kirim mai haske wani lokacin yana ratsawa ta cikin tankin injin, inda ake cire wasu ƙamshi ko wasu dandano marasa daɗi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai raguwa.

• Jika (don man shanu mai tsami):

Idan ana samar da man shanu mai tsami (ɗanɗano da aka saba da shi a Turai): Ana sanyaya man shafawa mai laushi zuwa zafin fermentation (kimanin 20°C), sannan a saka shi a cikin wani takamaiman ƙwayar cuta ta lactic acid (kamar Lactococcus lactis). Ana yin fermentation a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa na tsawon awanni da yawa, yana samar da abubuwa kamar diacetyl, wanda ke ba wa man shanu ƙamshi na musamman da ɗanɗanon tsami.

o Idan ana samar da man shanu mai zaki: An tsallake wannan matakin.

2. Nuna jiki da kuma juyawa

Wannan shine babban matakin samar da man shanu.

• Sanyaya da kuma nuna jiki: Ana sanyaya kirim mai laushi wanda aka yi pasteurized ko wanda ba a yi pasturized ba cikin sauri zuwa 4-8°C kuma a ci gaba da shi a wannan zafin na tsawon awanni da yawa. Ana kiran wannan tsari "ripening na jiki". Ƙananan zafin jiki yana sa wasu triglycerides a cikin kitsen madara su yi lu'ulu'u, wanda ke sa kitsen ya yi laushi, yana shirya su don yin lu'ulu'u.

• Ci gaba da jujjuyawa: Ana ci gaba da tura kirim mai girma zuwa cikin kayan aikin asali - injin kera man shanu mai ci gaba.

o Mataki na farko: Haɗawa da samuwar ƙwayoyin kitse: A ɓangaren gaba na injin ƙera, ƙungiyar na'urori masu juyawa masu sauri suna jujjuya kirim ɗin da ƙarfi, suna karya membranes na kitsen globule kuma suna sa kitsen ya taru ya zama ƙananan ƙwayoyin kitse.

o Mataki na biyu: Fitar ruwa da rabuwa: Ana aika cakuda kitse da madarar ruwa zuwa sashin fitar da ruwa. Ta hanyar sieve ko spiral extrusion, yawancin madarar ana fitar da ita. Ana iya sake yin amfani da madarar da aka fitar.

3. Matsewa, siffantawa, da kuma marufi

• Matsi: Ana aika ƙwayoyin kitse da aka raba daga madarar shanu zuwa sashin matsi na injin ƙera. Mai ɗaukar siffa mai karkace ko ƙungiyar masu naɗewa masu haɗin gwiwa suna matse ƙwayoyin kitse akai-akai.

o Manufa ta 1: Daidaita danshi na man shanu don ya zama daidai a cikin kitsen.

o Manufa ta 2: Rusa sauran kitsen globules don tarawa gaba ɗaya kitsen zuwa wani mataki mai ci gaba, ta hanyar samar da santsi da daidaito.

o Manufa ta 3: A wannan matakin, ana iya ƙara gishiri (don yin man shanu mai gishiri), launin launi (kamar beta-carotene), ko bitamin bisa ga buƙatun samfur.

• Siffa da yankewa: Man shanu da aka matse yana zama tsiri mai ci gaba da lanƙwasa. Ana aika shi zuwa injin siffa, inda ake fitar da shi zuwa takamaiman siffofi (kamar tubalan, sanduna), sannan a yanka shi cikin nauyin da ake so ta hanyar wuka mai sauri ta waya mai sauri. • Marufi: Ana sanya guntun man shanu da aka yanka ta hanyar injin marufi ta atomatik ta amfani da foil ɗin aluminum, takardar takarda, ko fim ɗin filastik don hana iskar shaka da gurɓatawa. Sannan ana sanya man shanu da aka marufi a cikin akwati na waje.

4. Ajiya Mai Firji

Ana aika man shanu da aka naɗe nan take zuwa wurin ajiyar sanyi (yawanci yana farawa daga -18°C zuwa 4°C, ya danganta da nau'in samfurin da kuma tsawon lokacin da za a ajiye shi), ana jiran sayarwa bayan barin masana'anta.

II. Kayan Aikin Layin Samar da Man Shanu

Cikakken layin samar da man shanu ta atomatik ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu zuwa:

1. Mai Raba Man Shafawa: Ana amfani da shi don raba man shafawa da madara.

2. Musayar Zafi a Faranti: Ana amfani da shi don shafa man shanu da kuma hanyoyin sanyaya da dumamawa daga baya.

3. Tankin Jika (zaɓi ne): Tare da tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki da kuma juyawa, ana amfani da shi don samar da man shanu mai tsami.

4. Tankin Balaga: Tare da rufin rufi mai layi biyu, wanda ake amfani da shi don sanyaya da kuma balaga ta zahiri na man shanu.

5. Injin Kera Man Shanu Mai Ci Gaba: Tushen layin samarwa. Yana haɗa bulala, ƙara madara, matsewa, da kayan ƙanshi. Shahararrun samfuran sun haɗa da SPX FLOW (a ƙarƙashin Gerstenberg Schröder) da GEA, da sauransu.

6. Tsarin Sake Zagayawan Madara: Yana tattarawa da sarrafa madarar da aka raba.

7. Injin Yankewa da Siffantawa: Yana siffantawa da yanke man shanu.

8. Injin Marufi Mai Aiki Da Kai: Yana kammala marufin ƙarshe na samfurin.

9. Tsarin Tsaftace CIP a Wurin Aiki: Muhimmi. Yana da alhakin tsaftacewa da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta atomatik a bututu, tankuna, da sauran kayan aiki don tabbatar da tsafta da aminci a abinci.

10. Tsarin Kula da PLC: Ɗakin sarrafawa na tsakiya. Yana sa ido da daidaita sigogi (zafin jiki, matsin lamba, kwarara, gudu, da sauransu) na dukkan tsarin samarwa ta hanyar allon taɓawa na kwamfuta. Takaitawa

Layin samar da man shanu na zamani tsari ne mai sarrafa kansa, rufewa da tsafta mai dorewa. Yana canza madarar da ba a sarrafa ba zuwa samfuran man shanu masu dorewa, aminci da tsafta ta hanyar daidaita yanayin jiki da na sinadarai. Daga hada madarar katako na gargajiya zuwa ci gaba da samarwa a yau, ci gaban fasaha ya ƙara yawan amfani, inganci da daidaiton man shanu sosai.